Français grammar.

A2 pronouns

Object Pronouns (le, la, lui, leur, en, y)

The little words that replace nouns. Once you have them, French sentences shorten by half. Until you have them, you sound like a textbook. Six common pronouns, three jobs, one strict order when you stack them.

A1 tenses

Le Passé Composé

The everyday past tense of French. What you say when you describe what happened yesterday, last week, last summer. Made of two pieces — an auxiliary (avoir or être) and a past participle. Learning which auxiliary goes with which verb is half the battle.

A1 articles

Articles (le, la, les, un, une, des, du)

French almost never lets a noun stand naked. There are three article families. Definite (le, la, les), indefinite (un, une, des), and partitive (du, de la, des). Which one you pick depends on whether you mean a specific thing, an unspecified one, or some unmeasured amount of one. The choice is constant and the rules are unforgiving.